Centos7安装Promethus(普罗米修斯）监控系统完整版

一、yum安装prometheus

1、添加yum源

curl -s https://packagecloud.io/install/repositories/prometheus-rpm/release/script.rpm.sh | sudo bash
或者手动编写脚本
vim prometheus_install_yum.sh
#!/bin/bash

unknown_os ()
{
  echo "Unfortunately, your operating system distribution and version are not supported by this script."
  echo
  echo "You can override the OS detection by setting os= and dist= prior to running this script."
  echo "You can find a list of supported OSes and distributions on our website: https://packagecloud.io/docs#os_distro_version"
  echo
  echo "For example, to force CentOS 6: os=el dist=6 ./script.sh"
  echo
  echo "Please email support@packagecloud.io and let us know if you run into any issues."
  exit 1
}

curl_check ()
{
  echo "Checking for curl..."
  if command -v curl > /dev/null; then
    echo "Detected curl..."
  else
    echo "Installing curl..."
    yum install -d0 -e0 -y curl
  fi
}


detect_os ()
{
  if [[ ( -z "${os}" ) && ( -z "${dist}" ) ]]; then
    if [ -e /etc/os-release ]; then
      . /etc/os-release
      os=${ID}
      if [ "${os}" = "poky" ]; then
        dist=`echo ${VERSION_ID}`
      elif [ "${os}" = "sles" ]; then
        dist=`echo ${VERSION_ID}`
      elif [ "${os}" = "opensuse" ]; then
        dist=`echo ${VERSION_ID}`
      elif [ "${os}" = "opensuse-leap" ]; then
        os=opensuse
        dist=`echo ${VERSION_ID}`
      else
        dist=`echo ${VERSION_ID} | awk -F '.' '{ print $1 }'`
      fi

    elif [ `which lsb_release 2>/dev/null` ]; then
      # get major version (e.g. '5' or '6')
      dist=`lsb_release -r | cut -f2 | awk -F '.' '{ print $1 }'`

      # get os (e.g. 'centos', 'redhatenterpriseserver', etc)
      os=`lsb_release -i | cut -f2 | awk '{ print tolower($1) }'`

    elif [ -e /etc/oracle-release ]; then
      dist=`cut -f5 --delimiter=' ' /etc/oracle-release | awk -F '.' '{ print $1 }'`
      os='ol'

    elif [ -e /etc/fedora-release ]; then
      dist=`cut -f3 --delimiter=' ' /etc/fedora-release`
      os='fedora'

    elif [ -e /etc/redhat-release ]; then
      os_hint=`cat /etc/redhat-release  | awk '{ print tolower($1) }'`
      if [ "${os_hint}" = "centos" ]; then
        dist=`cat /etc/redhat-release | awk '{ print $3 }' | awk -F '.' '{ print $1 }'`
        os='centos'
      elif [ "${os_hint}" = "scientific" ]; then
        dist=`cat /etc/redhat-release | awk '{ print $4 }' | awk -F '.' '{ print $1 }'`
        os='scientific'
      else
        dist=`cat /etc/redhat-release  | awk '{ print tolower($7) }' | cut -f1 --delimiter='.'`
        os='redhatenterpriseserver'
      fi

    else
      aws=`grep -q Amazon /etc/issue`
      if [ "$?" = "0" ]; then
        dist='6'
        os='aws'
      else
        unknown_os
      fi
    fi
  fi

  if [[ ( -z "${os}" ) || ( -z "${dist}" ) ]]; then
    unknown_os
  fi

  # remove whitespace from OS and dist name
  os="${os// /}"
  dist="${dist// /}"

  echo "Detected operating system as ${os}/${dist}."

  if [ "${dist}" = "8" ]; then
    _skip_pygpgme=1
  else
    _skip_pygpgme=0
  fi
}

finalize_yum_repo ()
{
  if [ "$_skip_pygpgme" = 0 ]; then
    echo "Installing pygpgme to verify GPG signatures..."
    yum install -y pygpgme --disablerepo='prometheus-rpm_release'
    pypgpme_check=`rpm -qa | grep -qw pygpgme`
    if [ "$?" != "0" ]; then
      echo
      echo "WARNING: "
      echo "The pygpgme package could not be installed. This means GPG verification is not possible for any RPM installed on your system. "
      echo "To fix this, add a repository with pygpgme. Usualy, the EPEL repository for your system will have this. "
      echo "More information: https://fedoraproject.org/wiki/EPEL#How_can_I_use_these_extra_packages.3F"
      echo

      # set the repo_gpgcheck option to 0
      sed -i'' 's/repo_gpgcheck=1/repo_gpgcheck=0/' /etc/yum.repos.d/prometheus-rpm_release.repo
    fi
  fi

  echo "Installing yum-utils..."
  yum install -y yum-utils --disablerepo='prometheus-rpm_release'
  yum_utils_check=`rpm -qa | grep -qw yum-utils`
  if [ "$?" != "0" ]; then
    echo
    echo "WARNING: "
    echo "The yum-utils package could not be installed. This means you may not be able to install source RPMs or use other yum features."
    echo
  fi

  echo "Generating yum cache for prometheus-rpm_release..."
  yum -q makecache -y --disablerepo='*' --enablerepo='prometheus-rpm_release'

  echo "Generating yum cache for prometheus-rpm_release-source..."
  yum -q makecache -y --disablerepo='*' --enablerepo='prometheus-rpm_release-source'
}

finalize_zypper_repo ()
{
  zypper --gpg-auto-import-keys refresh prometheus-rpm_release
  zypper --gpg-auto-import-keys refresh prometheus-rpm_release-source
}

main ()
{
  detect_os
  curl_check


  yum_repo_config_url="https://packagecloud.io/install/repositories/prometheus-rpm/release/config_file.repo?os=${os}&dist=${dist}&source=script"

  if [ "${os}" = "sles" ] || [ "${os}" = "opensuse" ]; then
    yum_repo_path=/etc/zypp/repos.d/prometheus-rpm_release.repo
  else
    yum_repo_path=/etc/yum.repos.d/prometheus-rpm_release.repo
  fi

  echo "Downloading repository file: ${yum_repo_config_url}"

  curl -sSf "${yum_repo_config_url}" > $yum_repo_path
  curl_exit_code=$?

  if [ "$curl_exit_code" = "22" ]; then
    echo
    echo
    echo -n "Unable to download repo config from: "
    echo "${yum_repo_config_url}"
    echo
    echo "This usually happens if your operating system is not supported by "
    echo "packagecloud.io, or this script's OS detection failed."
    echo
    echo "You can override the OS detection by setting os= and dist= prior to running this script."
    echo "You can find a list of supported OSes and distributions on our website: https://packagecloud.io/docs#os_distro_version"
    echo
    echo "For example, to force CentOS 6: os=el dist=6 ./script.sh"
    echo
    echo "If you are running a supported OS, please email support@packagecloud.io and report this."
    [ -e $yum_repo_path ] && rm $yum_repo_path
    exit 1
  elif [ "$curl_exit_code" = "35" -o "$curl_exit_code" = "60" ]; then
    echo
    echo "curl is unable to connect to packagecloud.io over TLS when running: "
    echo "    curl ${yum_repo_config_url}"
    echo
    echo "This is usually due to one of two things:"
    echo
    echo " 1.) Missing CA root certificates (make sure the ca-certificates package is installed)"
    echo " 2.) An old version of libssl. Try upgrading libssl on your system to a more recent version"
    echo
    echo "Contact support@packagecloud.io with information about your system for help."
    [ -e $yum_repo_path ] && rm $yum_repo_path
    exit 1
  elif [ "$curl_exit_code" -gt "0" ]; then
    echo
    echo "Unable to run: "
    echo "    curl ${yum_repo_config_url}"
    echo
    echo "Double check your curl installation and try again."
    [ -e $yum_repo_path ] && rm $yum_repo_path
    exit 1
  else
    echo "done."
  fi

  if [ "${os}" = "sles" ] || [ "${os}" = "opensuse" ]; then
    finalize_zypper_repo
  else
    finalize_yum_repo
  fi

  echo
  echo "The repository is setup! You can now install packages."
}

main

2、更新yum源

yum clean all
yum repolist 
yum search prometheus

3、安装prometheus

yum install -y prometheus2

4、启动prometheus,并加入自启

systemctl start prometheus 
systemctl enable prometheus

二、二进制安装prometheus

1、下载prometheus

从 https://prometheus.io/download/ 下载相应版本，安装到服务器上官网提供的是二进制版，解压就能用，不需要编译
上传prometheus-2.28.1.linux-amd64.tar.gz

2、解压安装包

tar -zxvf prometheus-2.28.1.linux-amd64.tar.gz -C /usr/local/ 
mv /usr/local/prometheus-2.28.1.linux-amd64/ /usr/local/prometheus

3、解压后当前目录会包含默认的Prometheus配置文件promethes.yml，下面配置文件做下简略的解析：

# 全局配置
global:
  scrape_interval:     15s # 设置抓取间隔，默认为1分钟
  evaluation_interval: 15s #估算规则的默认周期，每15秒计算一次规则。默认1分钟
  # scrape_timeout  #默认抓取超时，默认为10s

# Alertmanager相关配置
alerting:
  alertmanagers:
  - static_configs:
    - targets:
      # - alertmanager:9093

# 规则文件列表，使用'evaluation_interval' 参数去抓取
rule_files:
  # - "first_rules.yml"
  # - "second_rules.yml"

#  抓取配置列表
scrape_configs:
  - job_name: 'prometheus'
    static_configs:
    - targets: ['localhost:9090']

4、直接使用默认配置文件启动

/usr/local/prometheus/prometheus --config.file="/usr/local/prometheus/prometheus.yml" &

5、验证启动

[root@prometheus opt]# netstat -nutlp|grep 9090
tcp6       0      0 :::9090                 :::*                    LISTEN      4726/prometheus

6、访问prometheus界面

通过浏览器访问http://服务器IP:9090就可以访问到prometheus的主界面

7、做成服务，设置成开启自启动

vim /etc/systemd/system/prometheus.service
[Unit]
Description=Prometheus Monitoring System
Documentation=Prometheus Monitoring System
 
[Service]
ExecStart=/usr/local/prometheus/prometheus \
  --storage.tsdb.path=/usr/local/prometheus/data \
  --config.file=/usr/local/prometheus/prometheus.yml \
  --web.listen-address=:9090
 
[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target

8、创建目录

mkdir /usr/local/prometheus/data

9、设置开机自启
启动前先kill掉原来的服务，否则不能成功启动

systemctl daemon-reload
systemctl enable prometheus
systemctl start prometheus