一、网卡配置
1、nat转换，kvm 网卡配置默认安装虚拟机是nat
![图片[1]众客华禹 – 网站运维分享-IT技术资源教程-运维成长之路-个人随笔-华禹个人博客网站众客华禹 – 网站运维分享-IT技术资源教程-运维成长之路-个人随笔-华禹个人博客网站](https://www.zhongkehuayu.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/07/KVM桥接网卡1.png)
二、基本查看命令
查看宿主机网卡：
[root@centoszhu opt]# ifconfig
ens33: flags=4163<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,MULTICAST> mtu 1500
inet 192.168.207.133 netmask 255.255.255.0 broadcast 192.168.207.255
inet6 fe80::42dc:4fac:357f:ed9c prefixlen 64 scopeid 0x20<link>
ether 00:0c:29:84:c4:39 txqueuelen 1000 (Ethernet)
RX packets 7270 bytes 899317 (878.2 KiB)
RX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 frame 0
TX packets 3332 bytes 421317 (411.4 KiB)
TX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 carrier 0 collisions 0
lo: flags=73<UP,LOOPBACK,RUNNING> mtu 65536
inet 127.0.0.1 netmask 255.0.0.0
inet6 ::1 prefixlen 128 scopeid 0x10<host>
loop txqueuelen 1000 (Local Loopback)
RX packets 34 bytes 2744 (2.6 KiB)
RX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 frame 0
TX packets 34 bytes 2744 (2.6 KiB)
TX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 carrier 0 collisions 0
virbr0: flags=4163<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,MULTICAST> mtu 1500
inet 192.168.122.1 netmask 255.255.255.0 broadcast 192.168.122.255
ether 52:54:00:93:4c:f8 txqueuelen 1000 (Ethernet)
RX packets 582 bytes 40920 (39.9 KiB)
RX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 frame 0
TX packets 520 bytes 46710 (45.6 KiB)
TX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 carrier 0 collisions 0
vnet0: flags=4163<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,MULTICAST> mtu 1500 第一个虚拟机的网卡
inet6 fe80::fc54:ff:fe6b:ebb9 prefixlen 64 scopeid 0x20<link>
ether fe:54:00:6b:eb:b9 txqueuelen 1000 (Ethernet)
RX packets 183 bytes 14700 (14.3 KiB)
RX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 frame 0
TX packets 1350 bytes 80145 (78.2 KiB)
TX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 carrier 0 collisions 0
vnet1: flags=4163<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,MULTICAST> mtu 1500 第二个虚拟机的网卡
inet6 fe80::fc54:ff:fe96:81cd prefixlen 64 scopeid 0x20<link>
ether fe:54:00:96:81:cd txqueuelen 1000 (Ethernet)
RX packets 0 bytes 0 (0.0 B)
RX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 frame 0
TX packets 0 bytes 0 (0.0 B)
TX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 carrier 0 collisions 0查看虚拟交换机:
[root@centoszhu opt]# brctl show
bridge name bridge id STP enabled interfaces
virbr0 8000.525400934cf8 yes virbr0-nic
vnet0
vnet1查看内核转发参数：
[root@centoszhu opt]# sysctl -a|grep ipv4|grep forward
net.ipv4.conf.all.forwarding = 1
net.ipv4.conf.all.mc_forwarding = 0
net.ipv4.conf.default.forwarding = 1
net.ipv4.conf.default.mc_forwarding = 0
net.ipv4.conf.ens33.forwarding = 1
net.ipv4.conf.ens33.mc_forwarding = 0
net.ipv4.conf.lo.forwarding = 1
net.ipv4.conf.lo.mc_forwarding = 0
net.ipv4.conf.virbr0.forwarding = 1
net.ipv4.conf.virbr0.mc_forwarding = 0
net.ipv4.conf.virbr0-nic.forwarding = 1
net.ipv4.conf.virbr0-nic.mc_forwarding = 0
net.ipv4.conf.vnet0.forwarding = 1
net.ipv4.conf.vnet0.mc_forwarding = 0
net.ipv4.conf.vnet1.forwarding = 1
net.ipv4.conf.vnet1.mc_forwarding = 0
net.ipv4.ip_forward = 1 1为开启
net.ipv4.ip_forward_use_pmtu = 0
sysctl: reading key "net.ipv6.conf.all.stable_secret"
sysctl: reading key "net.ipv6.conf.default.stable_secret"
sysctl: reading key "net.ipv6.conf.ens33.stable_secret"
sysctl: reading key "net.ipv6.conf.lo.stable_secret"
sysctl: reading key "net.ipv6.conf.virbr0.stable_secret"
sysctl: reading key "net.ipv6.conf.virbr0-nic.stable_secret"
sysctl: reading key "net.ipv6.conf.vnet0.stable_secret"
sysctl: reading key "net.ipv6.conf.vnet1.stable_secret"[root@centoszhu opt]# sysctl net.ipv4.ip_forward=0 临时调内核参数查看规则：
[root@centoszhu opt]# iptables -t nat -L -n
Chain PREROUTING (policy ACCEPT)
target prot opt source destination
PREROUTING_direct all -- 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0
PREROUTING_ZONES_SOURCE all -- 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0
PREROUTING_ZONES all -- 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0
Chain INPUT (policy ACCEPT)
target prot opt source destination
Chain OUTPUT (policy ACCEPT)
target prot opt source destination
OUTPUT_direct all -- 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0
Chain POSTROUTING (policy ACCEPT)
target prot opt source destination
RETURN all -- 192.168.122.0/24 224.0.0.0/24
RETURN all -- 192.168.122.0/24 255.255.255.255
MASQUERADE tcp -- 192.168.122.0/24 !192.168.122.0/24 masq ports: 1024-65535
MASQUERADE udp -- 192.168.122.0/24 !192.168.122.0/24 masq ports: 1024-65535
MASQUERADE all -- 192.168.122.0/24 !192.168.122.0/24 只要是192.168.122.0段的就模拟成本机的外网地址三、修改虚拟机网卡为桥接
1、拓扑图
![图片[2]众客华禹 – 网站运维分享-IT技术资源教程-运维成长之路-个人随笔-华禹个人博客网站众客华禹 – 网站运维分享-IT技术资源教程-运维成长之路-个人随笔-华禹个人博客网站](https://www.zhongkehuayu.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/07/KVM桥接网卡2.png)
2、手动配置桥接网卡
编辑网卡配置文件
vim /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-ens33
TYPE=Ethernet
PROXY_METHOD=none
BROWSER_ONLY=no
BOOTPROTO=static
DEFROUTE=yes
IPV4_FAILURE_FATAL=no
IPV6INIT=yes
IPV6_AUTOCONF=yes
IPV6_DEFROUTE=yes
IPV6_FAILURE_FATAL=no
IPV6_ADDR_GEN_MODE=stable-privacy
NAME=ens33
UUID=80960b0d-54cd-41db-bb42-28d30da2afa4
DEVICE=ens33
ONBOOT=yes
BRIDGE="br0" //添加这一行，如果配置过静态ip，需要把ipaddr，gateway，netmask，dns配置删除添加网卡配置文件
vim /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-br0
DEVICE="br0"
NM_CONTROLLED="yes"
ONBOOT="yes"
TYPE="Bridge"
BOOTPROTO=dhcp #这里也可以设置成静态IP重启网卡服务
systemctl restart network查看当前IP
ifconfig
br0: flags=4163<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,MULTICAST> mtu 1500
inet 192.168.10.13 netmask 255.255.255.0 broadcast 192.168.10.255
inet6 fe80::20c:29ff:febe:8be8 prefixlen 64 scopeid 0x20<link>
ether 00:0c:29:be:8b:e8 txqueuelen 1000 (Ethernet)
RX packets 1109336 bytes 4514990433 (4.2 GiB)
RX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 frame 0
TX packets 984697 bytes 53197602 (50.7 MiB)
TX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 carrier 0 collisions 0
ens33: flags=4163<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,MULTICAST> mtu 1500
ether 00:0c:29:be:8b:e8 txqueuelen 1000 (Ethernet)
RX packets 3280291 bytes 4647765745 (4.3 GiB)
RX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 frame 0
TX packets 984898 bytes 59123703 (56.3 MiB)
TX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 carrier 0 collisions 0
lo: flags=73<UP,LOOPBACK,RUNNING> mtu 65536
inet 127.0.0.1 netmask 255.0.0.0
inet6 ::1 prefixlen 128 scopeid 0x10<host>
loop txqueuelen 1000 (Local Loopback)
RX packets 0 bytes 0 (0.0 B)
RX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 frame 0
TX packets 0 bytes 0 (0.0 B)
TX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 carrier 0 collisions 0
virbr0: flags=4099<UP,BROADCAST,MULTICAST> mtu 1500
inet 192.168.122.1 netmask 255.255.255.0 broadcast 192.168.122.255
ether 52:54:00:67:94:c0 txqueuelen 1000 (Ethernet)
RX packets 0 bytes 0 (0.0 B)
RX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 frame 0
TX packets 0 bytes 0 (0.0 B)
TX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 carrier 0 collisions 0
vnet0: flags=4163<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,MULTICAST> mtu 1500
inet6 fe80::fc54:ff:fed1:8167 prefixlen 64 scopeid 0x20<link>
ether fe:54:00:d1:81:67 txqueuelen 1000 (Ethernet)
RX packets 85 bytes 7298 (7.1 KiB)
RX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 frame 0
TX packets 731 bytes 62680 (61.2 KiB)
TX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 carrier 0 collisions 0查看桥接信息
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