一、前期准备
文章用到的组件下载地址连接：链接：https://pan.baidu.com/s/1ujyUcTE5MyMycczOx9FG_A
提取码：vm1s
1、生产环境可部署Kubernetes集群的两种方式
1）kubeadm：Kubeadm是一个K8s部署工具，提供kubeadm init和kubeadm join，用于快速部署Kubernetes集群。
官方地址：https://kubernetes.io/docs/reference/setup-tools/kubeadm/kubeadm/
2）二进制包：从github下载发行版的二进制包，手动部署每个组件，组成Kubernetes集群。
Kubeadm降低部署门槛，但屏蔽了很多细节，遇到问题很难排查。如果想更容易可控，推荐使用二进制包部署Kubernetes集群，虽然手动部署麻烦点，期间可以学习很多工作原理，也利于后期维护。
2、安装要求
1) 一台或多台机器，操作系统 CentOS7.x-86_x64
2) 硬件配置：2GB或更多RAM，2个CPU或更多CPU，硬盘30GB或更多
3) 集群中所有机器之间网络互通
4) 可以访问外网，需要拉取镜像，如果服务器不能上网，需要提前下载镜像并导入节点
5) 禁止swap分区
3、环境版本
操作系统 CentOS7.5_x64
Docker docker-20.10.5
Kubernetes 1.20.44、单Master服务器规划
角色 ip 组件
k8s-master 192.168.112.110 kube-apiserver，kube-controller-manager，kube-scheduler，etcd
k8s-node1 192.168.112.112 kubelet，kube-proxy，docker etcd
k8s-node2 192.168.112.113 kubelet，kube-proxy，docker etcd5、多Master服务器规划
角色 ip 组件
k8s-master1 192.168.112.110 kube-apiserver，kube-controller-manager，kube-scheduler，etcd, nginx，flannel
k8s-master2 192.168.112.111 kube-apiserver，kube-controller-manager，kube-scheduler，etcd, nginx，flannel
k8s-node1 192.168.112.112 kubelet，kube-proxy，docker etcd、flannel
k8s-node2 192.168.112.113 kubelet，kube-proxy，docker etcd、flannel
k8s-node3 192.168.112.114 kubelet，kube-proxy，docker etcd、flannel6、操作系统初始化配置
# 关闭防火墙
systemctl stop firewalld
systemctl disable firewalld
# 关闭selinux
sed -i 's/enforcing/disabled/' /etc/selinux/config # 永久
setenforce 0 # 临时
# 关闭swap
swapoff -a # 临时
sed -ri 's/.*swap.*/#&/' /etc/fstab # 永久
# 根据规划设置主机名
hostnamectl set-hostname <hostname>
# 在master添加hosts
cat >> /etc/hosts << EOF
192.168.1.71 k8s-master
192.168.1.72 k8s-node1
192.168.1.73 k8s-node2
EOF
# 将桥接的IPv4流量传递到iptables的链
cat > /etc/sysctl.d/k8s.conf << EOF
net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-ip6tables = 1
net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-iptables = 1
EOF
sysctl --system # 生效
# 时间同步
yum -y install chrony
vim /etc/chrony.conf
server ntp6.aliyun.com iburst
allow 192.168.112.0/24
local stratum 10
systemctl restart chronyd.service #启动服务
查看时间同步状态：
chronyc -a makestep
chronyc sourcestats
chronyc sources -v二、部署etcd数据库
Etcd 是一个分布式键值存储系统，Kubernetes使用Etcd进行数据存储，所以先准备一个Etcd数据库，为解决Etcd单点故障，应采用集群方式部署，这里使用3台组建集群，可容忍1台机器故障，当然，你也可以使用5台组建集群，可容忍2台机器故障。
节点名称 IP地址
etcd-1 192.168.112.110
etcd-2 192.168.112.111
etcd-3 192.168.112.112注：为了节省机器，这里与k8s节点机器复用。也可以独立于k8s集群之外部署，只要apiserver能连接到就行。
1、准备cfssl证书生成工具
cfssl是一个开源的证书管理工具，使用json文件生成证书，相比openssl更方便使用。
找任意一台服务器操作，这里用Master节点。
wget https://pkg.cfssl.org/R1.2/cfssl_linux-amd64
wget https://pkg.cfssl.org/R1.2/cfssljson_linux-amd64
wget https://pkg.cfssl.org/R1.2/cfssl-certinfo_linux-amd64
chmod +x cfssl_linux-amd64 cfssljson_linux-amd64 cfssl-certinfo_linux-amd64
mv cfssl_linux-amd64 /usr/local/bin/cfssl
mv cfssljson_linux-amd64 /usr/local/bin/cfssljson
mv cfssl-certinfo_linux-amd64 /usr/bin/cfssl-certinfo2、生成Etcd证书
mkdir -p ~/TLS/{etcd,k8s} 创建工作目录
cd ~/TLS/etcd 进入工作目录
cat > ca-config.json << EOF
{
"signing": {
"default": {
"expiry": "175200h"
},
"profiles": {
"www": {
"expiry": "175200h",
"usages": [
"signing",
"key encipherment",
"server auth",
"client auth"
]
}
}
}
}
EOF
cat > ca-csr.json << EOF
{
"CN": "etcd CA",
"key": {
"algo": "rsa",
"size": 2048
},
"names": [
{
"C": "CN",
"L": "Beijing",
"ST": "Beijing"
}
]
}
EOF
cfssl gencert -initca ca-csr.json | cfssljson -bare ca - 生成证书
ls *pem
ca-key.pem ca.pem3、创建证书申请文件，使用自签CA签发Etcd HTTPS证书
cat > server-csr.json << EOF
{
"CN": "etcd",
"hosts": [
"192.168.112.110",
"192.168.112.111",
"192.168.112.112"
],
"key": {
"algo": "rsa",
"size": 2048
},
"names": [
{
"C": "CN",
"L": "BeiJing",
"ST": "BeiJing"
}
]
}
EOF
cfssl gencert -ca=ca.pem -ca-key=ca-key.pem -config=ca-config.json -profile=www server-csr.json | cfssljson -bare server 生成证书
ls server*pem
server-key.pem server.pem注：上述文件hosts字段中IP为所有etcd节点的集群内部通信IP，一个都不能少！为了方便后期扩容可以多写几个预留的IP。
4、下载etcd二进制文件
下载地址：https://github.com/etcd-io/etcd/releases/download/v3.4.9/etcd-v3.4.9-linux-amd64.tar.gz5、部署etcd
创建工作目录并解压二进制包
mkdir /opt/etcd/{bin,cfg,ssl} -p
tar zxvf etcd-v3.4.9-linux-amd64.tar.gz
mv etcd-v3.4.9-linux-amd64/{etcd,etcdctl} /opt/etcd/bin/6、创建etcd配置文件
cat > /opt/etcd/cfg/etcd.conf << EOF
#[Member]
ETCD_NAME="etcd-1"
ETCD_DATA_DIR="/var/lib/etcd/default.etcd"
ETCD_LISTEN_PEER_URLS="https://192.168.112.110:2380"
ETCD_LISTEN_CLIENT_URLS="https://192.168.112.110:2379"
#[Clustering]
ETCD_INITIAL_ADVERTISE_PEER_URLS="https://192.168.112.110:2380"
ETCD_ADVERTISE_CLIENT_URLS="https://192.168.112.110:2379"
ETCD_INITIAL_CLUSTER="etcd-1=https://192.168.112.110:2380,etcd-2=https://192.168.112.111:2380,etcd-3=https://192.168.112.112:2380"
ETCD_INITIAL_CLUSTER_TOKEN="etcd-cluster"
ETCD_INITIAL_CLUSTER_STATE="new"
ETCD_HEARTBEAT_INTERVAL=100
ETCD_ELECTION_TIMEOUT=500
ETCD_SNAPSHOT_COUNT=5000
EOF
ETCD_NAME：节点名称，集群中唯一
ETCD_DATA_DIR：数据目录
ETCD_LISTEN_PEER_URLS：集群通信监听地址
ETCD_LISTEN_CLIENT_URLS：客户端访问监听地址
ETCD_INITIAL_ADVERTISE_PEER_URLS：集群通告地址
ETCD_ADVERTISE_CLIENT_URLS：客户端通告地址
ETCD_INITIAL_CLUSTER：集群节点地址
ETCD_INITIAL_CLUSTER_TOKEN：集群Token
ETCD_INITIAL_CLUSTER_STATE：加入集群的当前状态，new是新集群，existing表示加入已有集群
ETCD_HEARTBEAT_INTERVAL：参数叫心跳间隔
ETCD_ELECTION_TIMEOUT：选举超时
ETCD_SNAPSHOT_COUNT：快照时间7、使用systemd管理etcd
cat > /usr/lib/systemd/system/etcd.service << EOF
[Unit]
Description=Etcd Server
After=network.target
After=network-online.target
Wants=network-online.target
[Service]
Type=notify
EnvironmentFile=/opt/etcd/cfg/etcd.conf
ExecStart=/opt/etcd/bin/etcd \
--cert-file=/opt/etcd/ssl/server.pem \
--key-file=/opt/etcd/ssl/server-key.pem \
--peer-cert-file=/opt/etcd/ssl/server.pem \
--peer-key-file=/opt/etcd/ssl/server-key.pem \
--trusted-ca-file=/opt/etcd/ssl/ca.pem \
--peer-trusted-ca-file=/opt/etcd/ssl/ca.pem \
--logger=zap
Restart=on-failure
LimitNOFILE=65536
[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
EOF8、拷贝刚才生成的证书，把刚才生成的证书拷贝到配置文件中的路径
cp ~/TLS/etcd/ca*pem ~/TLS/etcd/server*pem /opt/etcd/ssl/9、拷贝所有etcd文件至etcd-2，etcd-3节点
scp -r /opt/etcd/ root@192.168.112.111:/opt/
scp /usr/lib/systemd/system/etcd.service root@192.168.112.111:/usr/lib/systemd/system/
scp -r /opt/etcd/ root@192.168.112.112:/opt/
scp /usr/lib/systemd/system/etcd.service root@192.168.112.112:/usr/lib/systemd/system/注：在节点2和节点3分别修改etcd.conf配置文件中的节点名称和当前服务器IP：
vi /opt/etcd/cfg/etcd.conf
#[Member]
ETCD_NAME="etcd-1" #修改此处，节点2改为etcd-2，节点3改为etcd-3
ETCD_DATA_DIR="/var/lib/etcd/default.etcd"
ETCD_LISTEN_PEER_URLS="https://192.168.112.111:2380" #修改此处为当前服务器IP
ETCD_LISTEN_CLIENT_URLS="https://192.168.112.111:2379" #修改此处为当前服务器IP
#[Clustering]
ETCD_INITIAL_ADVERTISE_PEER_URLS="https://192.168.112.111:2380" #修改此处为当前服务器IP
ETCD_ADVERTISE_CLIENT_URLS="https://192.168.112.111:2379" #修改此处为当前服务器IP
ETCD_INITIAL_CLUSTER="etcd-1=https://192.168.112.110:2380,etcd-2=https://192.168.112.111:2380,etcd-3=https://192.168.112.112:2380"
ETCD_INITIAL_CLUSTER_TOKEN="etcd-cluster"
ETCD_INITIAL_CLUSTER_STATE="new"10、所有服务器启动etcd
systemctl daemon-reload
systemctl start etcd
systemctl enable etcd11、查看集群状态
ETCDCTL_API=3 /opt/etcd/bin/etcdctl --cacert=/opt/etcd/ssl/ca.pem --cert=/opt/etcd/ssl/server.pem --key=/opt/etcd/ssl/server-key.pem --endpoints="https://192.168.112.110:2379,https://192.168.112.111:2379,https://192.168.112.112:2379" endpoint health
https://192.168.112.110:2379 is healthy: successfully committed proposal: took = 8.154404ms
https://192.168.112.111:2379 is healthy: successfully committed proposal: took = 9.044117ms
https://192.168.112.112:2379 is healthy: successfully committed proposal: took = 10.000825ms如果输出上面信息，就说明集群部署成功。如果有问题第一步先看日志：/var/log/message 或 journalctl -u etcd
三、安装部署docker
1、下载docker
下载地址：https://download.docker.com/linux/static/stable/x86_64/docker-20.10.5.tgz2、解压二进制包，拷贝至其他节点
tar zxvf docker-20.10.5.tgz
scp docker/* root@192.168.112.111:/usr/local/bin
scp docker/* root@192.168.112.112:/usr/local/bin
scp docker/* root@192.168.112.113:/usr/local/bin
scp docker/* root@192.168.112.114:/usr/local/bin
mv docker/* /usr/bin3、systemd管理docker（docker节点）
cat > /usr/lib/systemd/system/docker.service << EOF
[Unit]
Description=Docker Application Container Engine
Documentation=https://docs.docker.com
After=network-online.target firewalld.service
Wants=network-online.target
[Service]
Type=notify
ExecStart=/usr/local/bin/dockerd
ExecReload=/bin/kill -s HUP $MAINPID
LimitNOFILE=infinity
LimitNPROC=infinity
LimitCORE=infinity
TimeoutStartSec=0
Delegate=yes
KillMode=process
Restart=on-failure
StartLimitBurst=3
StartLimitInterval=60s
[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
EOF4、创建配置文件（docker节点）
mkdir /etc/docker
cat > /etc/docker/daemon.json << EOF
{
"registry-mirrors": ["https://b9pmyelo.mirror.aliyuncs.com"]
}
EOF5、启动并设置开机启动（docker节点）
systemctl daemon-reload
systemctl start docker
systemctl enable docker© 版权声明
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